Sunday, December 29, 2019

Organizational Behavior at Accenture - 2547 Words

Organizational Behavior In Accenture Word Count: 2000(Excluding Content table, Diagrams, Tables And Reference) Content 1. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................3 2. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE..........................................................................................................3 2.1 Accenture’s Structure - At A Glance....................................................................................................3 2.2 Analyzing the Structure of Accenture ..................................................................................................4 3. ORGANIZATIONAL†¦show more content†¦So total Span of Control = 96 The tasks in each project in the Solutions workforce are departmentalized into different submodules i.e. Analysis, Design Build, and Testing. Department of Analysis is responsible for creating business artifacts that detail out client’s requirement and proposed solution to achieve it. These artifacts are then passed to the Design Build Team who create the high-level design documents and develops the products which client has asked for. Once the product is delivered, it is then passed on to the testing team to ensure that the final product is as per the business artifacts and there are no issues encountered. Accenture is highly formalized organization, where each project while working on a client’s requirement has to adhere to the policies, procedures and norms set by Accenture as well as the clients. This is one of the key approaches to gain the client’s trust. Since project managers have the authority to take decision related to their respective projects, we c an call Accenture as highly centralized organization. Exam Number: B031449 Page 5 ofShow MoreRelatedThe Key Attributes of the Diversity Competency757 Words   |  4 Pagesgroup, and organizational characteristics, embrace such characteristics as potential sources of strength, and appreciate the uniqueness of each. The key attributes of the diversity competency include the knowledge, skills and abilities of individuals, teams, and the organization to perform effectively. Diversity includes many categories and characteristics. Even a single aspect of diversity contains various characteristics that may affect individuals, t\team, or organizational behaviors. AccentureRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management3255 Words   |  14 Pagesmajor scandals and have been involved in unethical acts and thus incurred public distrust. It is very important to understand the meaning of the ethics at this juncture in the organisation context and the managerial implications. Having worked in Accenture Services India, during the recession, in this report I‟ve tried to narrate my personal experiences and the managerial decisions that were taken during this phase. Experiences, expectations and workplace ethics Businesses constantly face professionalRead MoreCase Study Review of Accenture2159 Words   |  9 PagesRunning head: CASE STUDY REVIEW OF ACCENTURE Case Study Review of Accentures Global Knowledge Management System Joseph M. Mitchell University of Maryland University College Identification Accenture is one of the worlds largest management consultancies, employing over 75,000 people in 48 countries with net revenues in excess of 11.8 billion (Paik Choi, 2005). The company operates in a highly competitive global business environment with firms such as McKinsey and Boston Consulting Group andRead MoreSwot2230 Words   |  9 PagesExecutive Summary This analysis will address the business environment of Accenture. The focus of this investigation will be to identify the areas within Accenture that focus on decision support systems and knowledge management practices. This analysis will examine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for Accenture within today’s complex business atmosphere. Organizations today are striving to remain competitive in a market that is not only complex but constantly changing. OrganizationsRead MoreAre Employees Motivated By Money?1244 Words   |  5 Pagesmotivation factor. For example, An employee tells his manager that he had been working too hard and request for taking an off for a family vacation. Instead, the manager then gave the employee bonus, rather than a holiday (Hammill, G., 2005). A study by Accenture consulting firm found that 50% of middle managers were interested in a new job that provides benefits such as more time off rather than more pay (Williams, R., 2010) Th us, money is vital to employees for some reasons. I firmly believe that moneyRead MoreEthics Development Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pagesdirection of a company. This document will explore sources of ethical influence, both for individuals, and organizations. It will further explain the need for ethics at an organizational level, how those fit in with directions and goals of an organization, and finally conclude with the effect both individual and organizational ethics have on society. Personal Ethics People find themselves facing questions with negative and positive consequence each day. 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Signed and Dated: Contents Contents 2 Terms of Reference 3 Findings 4 The â€Å"Softer† Management Style 4 The Leadership Circles 8 Collaboration with Accenture 9 Conclusions 13 Recommendations 15 Appendix 16 Bibliography 17 Table of Pictures Picture 1 - X and Y Theory (www.businessballs.com) 5 Picture 2 - Fombrum Model (Bratton and Gold 2007 P.21) 6 Picture 3 - Guest Model 7 PictureRead MoreAccenture - Incentivise Employees and Reduce Labour Turnover7401 Words   |  30 PagesTo what extent can Accenture tailor its remuneration package to staff in order to reduce labour turnover and incentivise key employees? Executive Summary Contents Executive Summary 2 Contents 3 Chapter One – Introduction 4 1.1 Research Aim 4 1.2 Research Objectives 4 Chapter Two – Literature Review 5 2.1 Reward Management 5 2.2 Business / HR Strategy 8 2.3 Strategic Reward 10 2.4 The Employment Relationship 12 2.5 Motivation and Financial and Non-Financial Rewards 14 Read MoreManagement of Information Systems8243 Words   |  33 Pagescoupled with changes in business practices and management behavior. INTERACTIVE SESSION: ORGANIZATIONS VIRTUAL MANAGEMENT AT ACCENTURE Accenture is a global consulting services and outsourcing firm with over 129,000 employees serving clients in 48 different countries. It has no operational headquarters and no formal branches, encouraging its employees to move from location to location to work on projects at client sites. Accenture is a networked organization in which groups of professionals

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Paganism In Beowulf - 1683 Words

Question #2 Contained within the epic poem Beowulf is the continuous, underlying theme of good versus evil – the shift from paganism to Christianity. Although this epic consists of the battle between the hero, Beowulf, and the monster, Grendel (and Grendel’s mother, as well), the main overture of the story is that of the new Christian belief triumphing over evil and the old pagan beliefs. This value is but one of many that contrast the pagan and Christian principles in Anglo-Saxon and in Beowulf. The blending and cultivation of these two religions are central to the tale, and to early Anglo-Saxon life. Moreover, this shift was crucial for Christianity’s acceptance into a pagan and polytheistic- based society. The author of Beowulf†¦show more content†¦Moreover, as Beowulf is regarded to be a â€Å"Christ-like† incarnation, his pride, especially regarding fame and fortune is brought to the forefront. In lines 1386 – 1388, he states â⠂¬Å"†¦we must earn some renown, if we can, before death; daring is the thing for a fighting man to be remembered by† (Beowulf). Essentially Beowulf is imbuing the reader with a reminder of a traditional pagan value: that remembrance and legend is the only great reward a warrior may achieve. Christianity holds to the belief that Heaven awaits after death, not merely a legacy and remembrance. This stark contrast between the vast differences of Christianity and paganism serve as a reminder of the era in which Beowulf came into being. Another of the underpinnings of the religious dichotomy contained within Beowulf is that of revenge. The aspect of revenge, especially concerning Beowulf and Grendel’s mother, severely conflicts with the Christian belief at the time this poem was written. The idea of forgiving ones’ enemies, as set forth in the New Testament of the Bible, is all but ignored. Instead, the author was â€Å"restricting his biblical references to events in the Old Testament, the poet shows the Germanic revenge ethic as consistent with the Old Law of retribution† (Longman Anthology 34). This is widely believed to have assuaged the listeners of the era while still presenting the story in a more favorable Christian light. The poem does reflect the Christian view of regret in theShow MoreRelatedPaganism In Beowulf1411 Words   |  6 PagesPagan ideas and values were a large influence in the creation of Beowulf due to the period it was created in. As the narrative was passed down by mouth Christianity views were slowly developed into the story. The poem was written after Anglo-Saxons were Christianized, but it is evident that pagan views were still in their mindsets. With these ideals still present, paganism and Christianity were woven into the story, and we see a mix of heroic ideals and self-sacrificing virtues that create a storyRead MorePaganism In Beowulf953 Words   |  4 Pagesof Christianity and Paganism in Beowulf Beowulf was composed when England was transitioning from a pagan to a Christian culture. In chapter 3 of A Little History of Literature, it is said that Beowulf was likely written by a Christian monk who inserted Christian themes into the story. This is why Beowulf reflects both Christian and pagan views. These two religions and their elements affect the story in different ways. There are pagan views of fate and fame in Beowulf, but there are also ChristianRead MorePaganism In Beowulf1182 Words   |  5 PagesIn the epic poem Beowulf the poem depicts the time in religious history where Christian and pagan beliefs were introduced to society. This poem was written in the time of the Anglo-Saxon period where pagan was the preferred religion. In later years as time gradually passed, Christianity became one of the more favored religions. Beowulf contains many elements of both religions. Though paganism was very popular throughout this poem, it showed a mixture of the two beliefs. These beliefs played a majorRead MoreChristianism And Paganism In Beowulf2091 Words   |  9 PagesChristianity vs. Paganism Beowulf is an epic poem combining different stories consisting of contrasting elements, such as paganism and Christianity. Within these stories of Beowulf and the followers of Beowulf, as well as the enemies, paganism actually played the role of the largest religion practiced versus that of Christianity. The stories that make up this epic go by their own titles like, The Wrath of Grendel, The Coming of Beowulf, The Battle with Grendel, The Monster’s Lair, The Battle withRead MoreTheme Of Paganism In Beowulf1179 Words   |  5 Pageslongest epic poem ever written in the genre of Old English is â€Å"Beowulf†, it has been composed in the native language as spoken during the Anglo-Saxon reign in England, preceding the Norman Conquest. Beowulf is regarded as a classic tale which relates the defeat of evil and triumph of good. The poem is divided into three acts. Christian and Pagan Influences in Beowulf: The Pagan deities, rituals as well as pagan ideas influenced Beowulf, when it was being created, though the passing down of the epicRead More Beowulf, Christianity, and Paganism Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf, Christianity, and Paganism The poem Beowulf is a renowned story that displays many different surroundings and religious beliefs. Some may believe the story of Beowulf portrays pagan beliefs or customs and others believe that the poem is more in agreement with Christian ethnicity. The author of Beowulf uses both Christian and pagan elements in the poem to define the heroic warrior, Beowulf, and the evil dragons. After reading Beowulf the author clearly shows how Beowulf is a man whoRead MorePagan And Paganism In Beowulf1699 Words   |  7 PagesMany people believe that originally, Beowulf was a Pagan artifact. In fact, such belief has developed further to support that an anonymous Christian rewrote the piece with intent of applying Christian characters to the first script. Academics, however, differ on whether the central thematic argument was Christian or Pagan. The author remarkably puts actions into the context of the Bible owing to the impulse at the era of converting everyone to Christianity. By, interloc king the old Pagan elementsRead MoreEssay on Beowulf (Christianity vs. Paganism)689 Words   |  3 PagesChristianity vs. Paganism In the story of Beowulf, there is a noticeable struggle between Christianity and Paganism, and the characters personal battle between the two. Throughout the story the characters display actions that lead towards Paganism and Christianity. Contrary to Pagan belief Beowulf is seen as the epitome of good and beneficent to all of mankind. In Beowulf, the people showed their faith and love in God, however due to horrific events, paranoia caused them to look for a quickRead MoreEssay about Beowulf (Christianity vs. Paganism)664 Words   |  3 Pages Christianity vs. Paganism nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the story of Beowulf, there is a noticeable struggle between Christianity and Paganism, and the characters personal battle between the two. Throughout the story the characters display actions that lead towards Paganism and Christianity. Contrary to Pagan belief Beowulf is seen as the epitome of good and beneficent to all of mankind. In Beowulf, the people showed their faith and love in God, however due to horrific events, paranoia causedRead More Christianity and Paganism in the Epic of Beowulf Essay1800 Words   |  8 PagesChristianity and Paganism in Beowulf The story of Beowulf shows the effect of the spread of Christianity in the early Danish paganistic society that values heroic deeds and bravery above all else. The mythical creatures that Beowulf kills with his supernatural strength make the story into an epic celebrating the life of a great hero. However, blending in among Beowulfs triumphs against the three key creatures, we also see Christian virtues being instilled upon the listeners. The good

Friday, December 13, 2019

Economic Impact of Tourism Free Essays

Select a small to medium size town and explain the economic impact the tourists have had on this place. Introduction The potential of tourism as a development strategy for small towns is a very important issue for local economic development. Many small towns have benefited from tourist development all over the world . We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Impact of Tourism or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have decided to choose the town of Jurmala in Latvia as the focus of this assessment. Background information about Jurmala Jurmala – the medium size resort town in Latvia and is well known for its natural treasures- the mild climate, sea, healthy air, curative mud and mineral water. Its strcture consists of three former villages that were united in 1959. The attraction of Jurmala hides in its almost 33 km of long white sand beach, large pine forests and the natual border of the city – the river Lielupe. In Jurmala you can discover the combination of harming wooden houses built in the beginning of the last century and modern resort buildings. The unique combination of these components makes Jurmala very attractive to the tourists and makes the town an attractive relaxation and cure place for many tourists. Since 1871 the main means of transportation is train, remaining the station buildings of the late 19th century and early 20th century. The territory of Jurmala is proposed for inclusion in the World Heritage Tentative list is the Eastern part of the town -from the mouth of the river Lielupe till the territory of former fishermen village in Dubulti that for the first time was mentioned in historical sources in 16th century. This place is very interesting because here the distance between the river Lielupe and the sea is only 500 metres. Modern town of Jurmala Jurmala has grown as a tourist destination over the past decade with its main walking street Jomas and different shops which include gift shops, art galleries, quaint buildings, modern spa hotels, coffee shops, etc. The unique features of the area and the geographical location of Jurmala make the area boating, fishing, bird-watching, sunbathing, camping, etc. The entrepreneurs of Jurmala offers new possibilities for tourists every year – hotels and guesthouses and various entertainments. They cantaste delicious and healthy food in Jurmala’s restaurants and cafes, walk along the central promenade of Jomas ideal for a variety of recreational activities such as river rafting, biking, hiking, street, explore the eco-trails in Kemeri National park  and Ragakapa Nature Park, enjoy the water attractions in the biggest aquapark in Northern Europe â€Å"Livu Akvaparks† and â€Å"Nemo†, visit the famous concert hall Dzintari or simply watch the sunset on Jurmala beach! | | | | | | ‘’According to data provided by the Central Bureau of Statistics, the number of tourists in the first quarter of 2009 has decreased, and adds up to 15 530 persons, that is by 28% less than in the according period in 2008. The highest load in this period was in resort rehabilitation centres and sanatorium – 31%, but the average load of hotels and resort hotels was 13%† www. jurmala. lvâ€Å"Division of guests by the country: Latvia (51%) – 6145 Russia (12%) – 1841 Byelorussia (8%) – 1191 ( + 7%) Estonia (7%) – 1100 Lithuania (5%) – 846 Norway (4%) – 689 Sweden (2%) – 376 Finland (2%) – 266 Germany (2%) – 164 Denmark (1%) – 111 ( + 50%)United Kingdom-1311(+10%)† www. jurmala. lv  Looking at the statistics by the division of guests by countries, we can see that the greatest increase is for tourists from Denmark – increase by 50%. During winter and spring months guests chose to stay in Jurmala city resort rehabilitation centres and sanatorium as they provide wide choice of rehabilitation, health and medical treatments of high quality, but for lower prices than in other EU countries. The average length of stay in Jurmala is 5 days, and that is by 2 days more than it was in the corresponding periods in 2008. Byelorussian guests have stayed in Jurmala longer than other guests – in average 18 days, then comes the guests from Germany. To show the economic impact the tourism has on Jurmala more precisely, I would like to stop at the economic impact analysis of Dzintari concert hall which is situated in the very centre of Jurmala and has an international significance. This place attracts more and more tourists and visitors every year because of different events such as like pop and rock band concerts and various entertainment events which are being held there every season from May till September. The concert hall also supports youth festivals, chamber music concerts and always gives priority to orchestra concerts. Tourists all over the Europe and especially from Russia come here each year to see the international contest of young singers, called â€Å"New Wave†. During the hot season the concert hall generates more than LVL 8. million turnover. It can easily show the economic usefulness and an important contribution to Jurmala economic development as well as to the development of state economics. Dzintari concert hall became a limited company in 2004 and started to attract more tourists. The audience of the concert hall per season since year 2003 till 2004 increased from 100  000 till 200  000 customers and now the number is still growi ng till 250  000 tourists. Due to the fact that the number of customers is growing the concert hall can provide more employment to the local people. Customers not only watch the event, they spend money on transport and it allows the transportation system become more economical as well, they also spend money on food to dine in Jurmala’s cafes and restaurants that gives them an opportunity to stay open longer and earn more. The tourists have some extra expenses during the event too such as tea, coffees, juices, alcoholic drinks, ice-creams, flowers for artists, etc. â€Å"According to the statistics o Dzintari concert hall, 76% of Dzintari hall audience spend on related goods and services more than LVL 30 per event. Only 24% buy the cheapest tickets, go to the event by public transport(when you go to Jurmala by your own car you have to buy a pass which costs LVL 1 and the money also goes to the development of the town of Jurmala), during the event take only tea, coffee or beer and go home for dinner â€Å"(see the table below) www. su. lt/filemanagerThe expenses of Dzintari concert hall customers SUM PER EVENT| PERCENTAGE OF CUSTOMERS | TOTAL EXPENSES| LVL 10-16| 24%| LVL 5940. 00| LVL 30| 30%| LVL 24300. 00| LVL 40| 15%| LVL 12000. 00| LVL 60| 15%| LVL 18300. 0| Up to LVL 100| 6%| LVL 18600. 00| | 100%| LVL 74140. 00| There were 90 events in Dzintari concert hall in 2007. We can see from the table that despite short event season, customers spent more than 6. 5 million Lats(Latvian currency , 1Ls is about ? 0. 83 ). Jurmala in the past. Telling about the economic impact of tourism on Jurmala nowadays, it would be also essential to mention the Soviet Union times when Jurmala was one of the bigge st rehabilitation centres and health resorts for the working people from the whole entire Soviet Union. To understand the economic impact of tourism on Jurmala those times I would like to provide some data. J Jurmala in the past had about 70 health centres with about 12,000 tourists all year round. Today, there are about 30 recreation facilities in the recreation business, able to accommodate no more than 4,000 guests. Earlier as many as 232,000 people came to Jurmala for holidays every year, now this figure is down to 62,000, which is a very big difference and certainly it has a negative impact on Jurmala’s economy in comparison with the Soviet times. As for the number of foreign visitors, it shrank four times after the introduction of visa requirements for Russia, for example. T Let us have a look at some objective reasons for the decline. During the Soviet times, Jurmala was very popular resort for the people all over the Soviet Union. And the region of Jurmala experienced constant growth since 1969. The situation changed dramatically since the early 1990s when Latvia re-gained independence. Latvia hasn’t been able to attract local or Western tourists to compensate for the reduced number of holiday–makers at its rehabilitation centres. In the last two years some positive trends emerged, however. Firstly, the annual number of tourist visitors has grown up to 12-15%; it’s much higher than an average figure for Latvia in general (5-6%), or the global rate of 9 percent. In the given situation (the survival of the fittest) the strongest will survive, i. e. those, who managed to preserve rehabilitation facilities, keep skilled personnel, and do qualitative marketing. Secondly, a new trend emerged, i. e. he opening of small pensions, boarding houses (bread ; breakfast), and small hotels with 5 to 30 rooms† Dainis Urbanovich, www. baltic-course. com Conclusion Looking at the information provided in the essay, we can see that the tourism has a great impact on the development of Jurmala as a resort town and the more tourists(consumers) that can be attracted by Jurmala’s beautiful nature, climate, hotels and, of course, the events in the Dzintari concert hall and different other places of entertainment in Jurmala, the higher the economic impact. Words 1527 Bibliography Books Book 1- The understanding of the travel and tourism industry Websites www. jurmala. lv www. baltic-course. com www. su. lt www. riga-hotel-guide. com Learners Declaration: I certify that the work submitted in this assignment is my own. Full Name Viktorija Chesnovicka†¦Address 2 Pavasara gatve , flat 21, Riga, Latvia LV-1082.. | How to cite Economic Impact of Tourism, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Sample of Event Proposal for Beach Party At Gold Coast Australia

Question: You are to decide on a new event concept for your chosen destination and write an event proposal which describes the event and justifies the event concept in relation to the characteristics of your chosen destination.Identification of key stakeholders at the destination who would need to be consulted in the event planning process.Explanation of how the event will contribute to the tourism goals of the region and also explain how the event makes the best use of available resources at the destination. Answer: Introduction Documentation of Event Proposal, for any of the events to be hosted, is an indispensible task for the appropriate planning, execution and control on the several event related activities. An Event Proposal typically specifies the functionality of a proposed event with respect to several related factors (Van der Wagen, 2002). This event proposal is accordingly intended to schedule and plan for a Beach Party Event hosted by a reputed Australian Advertising Firm, on Account of its Silver Jubilee Celebrations.The Gold coast region is a coastal city situated in the southeastern Queensland of the Australian continent. This location is broadly based on the east cost of the Australian continent and has evolved as an extremely popular recreation destination among the metropolitan Australian population. This event location is in high demand for recreational and social events among close held social groups as well as corporate groups (Faulkner Tideswell, 2012). The tourism development initiativ es of the Australian governement has also gained increased visibility to the gold coast Area among the international travelers, making this event destination as one of the most desired party destinations among domestic as well as international Target Audiences. Description of the Event Events can be broadly classified as Social and Family events, or Business and corporate events. These can be of varied nature and have always been a part of cultural ethos in our society. They become important as they give a sense of togetherness to participants and provides with a platform to share experiences and exchange thoughts (Berridge, 2006).The Gold Coast Sunset Beach Party is a recreation cum promotional event, hosted by REBORN Advertising Agency on account of its Silver Jubilee Celebrations. The organization of this event is the sole responsibility of the public Relations department of the Reborn Ad agency. This event is supposed to be organized at one of the countrys prestigious Hotels, located at the world famous Gold coast region in Queensland, Australia. The Event is scheduled to be conducted on First of March 2015, at Hotel Jupiters Gold Coast, who would be assisting the PR department of the Reborn Company with organization of the Beach Party event. There would be app roximately 500 list of external invitees for this event, in addition to the 200 existing employees of the company, who will be participating in the event. Duration and Schedule of the Event The Following would be the Key milestones that the REBORN Advertising Agency would have to execute while scheduling their Silver Jubilee Beach Party Event to be organized at the Hotel Jupiters Gold Coast on 1st March 2015:Sending Email Invitation to the Participants and Invitees for the event would be executed by the Public Relations department of REBORN Advertising Agency. The Invitation emails would be latest sent by 1st February 2015. The Invitees would thus be informed one month in advance, so that they would easily be able to incorporate attending the event, in their respective schedules.Last date for the Event Registration by Participants and accepting the invitations sent by REBORN would be scheduled by 10th of February, 2015. The Invitees would be given a time frame of 10 days to register on the companys website for attending the event. The confirmed invitees would then be issued passes for the event.Few volunteers from the existing employees of the company would be identified to co-ordinate with the media and press for having full media coverage to the event. This would effective popularize the brand name of the REBORN Agency and would serve as an effective marketing strategy for the companys business.The Following would be the proposed schedule for the event: Welcome speech to the Invitees by PR head of REBORN 5.00 p.mSharing of Future Plans of REBORN by CEO of REBORN 5.15 p.m.Exchange of greetings from the sponsors 5.30 p.mFelicitation of Esteemed clients of REBORN 5.45 p.m.Live Music Band 6.00 p.m.Opening of Snacks and Drinks counter 6.30 p.m onwardsDance Party 6.45 p.m onwardsDinner8.00 p.m onwards Location of the Event Jupiters Gold Coast Hotels and Casino and is one of the popular tourism and recreation destination along the Gold Coast Region of Australia. This adjacent Beach of this Hotel Property, located along the Gold Coast Area in Queensland Australia is identified to be the proposed location for the Beach Party Event to be scheduled on first of March 2015, on account of the Silver Jubilee function of the advertising company REBORN. The Hotel Jupiters is situated on Broad beach Island (part of Gold Coast of Queensland) and is approximately 20 minutes drive from the famous Coolangatta Airport and about an hours drive from the Brisbane Airport Hosting Details of the Event (including details on Funding and sponsorship) Catering The In-house catering and restaurant facilities of the hotel are equally appealing. The Hotel currently serves food from seven different parts of the world, offering a variety of cuisines, at its live counters set up in a canopy at the Beach side. The catering menu would be limited to Chinese, Italian and authentic Australian cuisines as being in much high demand as per the local demographic data (Tourism Research Australia, 2013). The starters and welcome drinks would also be included in the menu. There would also be a live bar counter arranged from 500 meters adjacent to the beach area. Other Infrastructure ArrangementsThe Jupiters Group of Hotels state of art infrastructure facilities and beach party arrangements enables a simple beach location setup a glorified and sophisticated venue look. The infrastructure arrangements provided on beach side by the hotel management are ideal for conducting social parties and business events, even for the corporate clients of the Hotel group. The Arrangements include resting areas, temporary wash rooms and changing rooms, Music and speaker Arrangements, Live Music Station, Lighting Arrangements, Parking Arrangements, etc. Financing/ Funding the Event The Public and private funding have evolved as the most sought out options for funding corporate events and parties that would involve prominent personalities across industries. The Reborn Advertising agency is one of the upcoming ad agencies in the country and has served several prestigious institutions and private businesses in the past. The Company accordingly has a lot of esteemed client base, who would be a part of the invitee list for the event. Thus, the organization team of this event has already started getting few good offers from several sponsoring brands, which are willing to finance a part of this event, at the cost of offering free promotions and hoardings to these brands at the event. The management team of Reborn Advertising has accordingly selected two sponsors that would fund 20 percent each of the total event organization expenses. Both these sponsors are prominent clients of the company and have been brand loyal with the Reborn advertising firm since last fifteen years.Goals and Objectives of the Event The key goals and objectives of organizing the Sunset Beach Party Event by REBORN Advertising agency is to celebrate the business success of the company; the success of completing 25 years (silver Jubilee) in the Advertising business with its esteemed corporate clients. Moreover, attracting media attention by throwing a vibrant party at the beach side in a lavish location is also a secondary objective behind organizing the event. Such an activity would automatically increase the brand name of the REBORN Advertising agency, which would be positively reflected in the business functioning of the company.Target Audience for the Event The target Audience fort the event would mainly be divided in to three categories:1. The Employees of the company REBORN, who served the company dedicatedly for 25 years, would be invited to the party as an honor for their service.2. The Esteemed clients of the company REBORN, who were brand loyal to the company and gave business for the company that made its survive the market competition. They would be invited by REBORN as a part of gratitude shown to them.3. The general public at large who would be viewing the media coverage of this event would also be a part of target Audience of the event.Passes for the beach party event would be issued to the desired invitees by the Human resources department of REBORN at the sheer discretion of the management of the Organization. SWOT analysis of the Event SWOT analysis in Event management, is an effective tool that helps in identifying the competencies and weaknesses of an Event to be organized. This tool also helps in monitoring the weaknesses in order to avoid them from becoming potential threats. The opportunities in terms of betterment for the event planning and execution are also identified through this tool. Let us undertake a brief SWOT analysis for the Beach Party Event to be organized at the Australian Gold Coast Location.Strengths: The Purpose of the event of celebrating Silver Jubilee of Reborn Advertising agency is the greatest strength of the event.The selection of lavish location of having beach party at Gold coast is indeed strength to this event. The mesmerizing beauty of the place at sunset would be one of the prominent attractions of the event. The entertainment programs arranged for the event.Weaknesses: Dependency on Hotel administration staff for catering and key infrastructure facilities.Opportunities: Attracting huge media coverage and popularity for the business through this lavish event.Attracting more new clients and business through networkingThreats: Providing adequate discipline and order in the party in terms of conduct of the invitees, due to the provision of hard drinks in the party.Delay in the schedule due to delayed entry of the invitees. Key Stakeholders involved in the planning process for the Event The pre- preparation (planning) process discussed in schedule of the event highlights most of the stakeholders involved in the Event. In short the following would be the key stakeholders involved in the planning process of the event: 1. Employees of Reborn Organization who would be both host as well as guest 2. The Clients and customers of the Reborn Organization who would be the key invitees to the event to celebrate the silver jubilee of the company. 3. The Sponsors to the event who would be contributing towards financing substantial amounts of the expenses to be borne for organization of this event 5. The Event management team of the Jupiters Gold Coast Hotel would also play a key role in arranging the catering service and infrastructure for the event. 6. The Singers, Artist and DJs entertaining the invitees would also be the important stakeholders for success of the event. 5. The cooks, caterers and infrastructure arrangers would also be a part of the stakeholders for the event. 7. The Media and the general public, who would be respectively involved in the covering of the event and viewing of the event coverage in the media, would be the stakeholders. 8. The regulatory authorities of the land, with whom the event organizers would liaison for taking due legal permissions for the party, who also be the stakeholders for the event. Contribution of the event to the tourism goals and tourism plan of the Australian Region. The Silver Jubilee Beach party hosted by REBORN Advertising agency, would not only benefit the popularity and business of Jupiters Groups of Hotels, but will also help in increasing the popularity and fame of the entire Gold Coast Region of Queensland, Australia. This Beach Party Event would have a high media coverage and huge word of mount publicity among the elite personalities from the advertising world. The mesmerizing beauty of the event location and well managed evening event would thus serve as a good opportunity for the Hoteliers operating in the key international destinations like the Gold Coast to promote their Hospitality Business to the invitees. The event is thus desired to strategically contribute to the overall tourism goals and tourism plan of the Australian Region Conclusion Drafting a proposal is extremely important and essential before planning and organizing any of the Events. The proposal of an event thus gives the adequate insights in to the likely strengths and weakness of the events and gives us the opportunity to work out on opportunities to benefit from the event. The proposal of the Sunset beach Party event thus entirely justifies the purpose behind organizing this event, which is likely to benefit the business operations of the host advertising agency in the long run. References Tallgren Jukka, 2011, How to successfully produce an event, Tampereen University of Applied Sciences. Berridge, G., 2006, Event Design and Experience, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Monroe, J. and Kates, R., 2005, Art of the Event: Complete Guide to Designing and Decorating Special Events. New York: Wiley. Van der Wagen, L., 2002, Event Management: For Tourism, Cultural, Business and Sporting Events. Melbourne: Hospitality Press. Finkel Rebecca, 2012, Resource Guide: Principles and practices of Events Management- Planning and Operations, Retrieved from. Faulkner Bill Tideswell Carmen, 2012, Gold Coast Tourism Market Analysis.Tourism Research Australia, 2013, Statistics and latest forecasts on Tourism.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Life At Its Simplest--Emerson & Thoreau As Applied To Modern Living Es

Life At It's Simplest--Emerson & Thoreau As Applied To Modern Living Life at Its Simplest A Practical Application of Interpreted Emersonian and Thoreauvian Concepts Due to a variety of coincidental circumstance, I have recently found myself in the position to write a paper exploring the practical application of Emersonian and Thoreauvian concepts in modern society. Both Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau are considered two of the most influential and inspiring transcendentalist writers of this country. Their works consist of extensively studying and embracing nature as well as encouraging and practicing individualism and non-conformity. As a college student in a metropolitan city, I experience the everyday hustle and bustle that city life breeds. Youre kidding yourself if you say we live in a simple timeeveryone knows thatand with so much everyday stimuli there are bound to be simpler aspects of life that end up neglected. The primary goal of Emerson and Thoreau seems to be the exploration of what they believe to be the forgotten, but most important, parts of life: the simplest. Here is what happens when an average, city dwelling, colle ge student gets back in touch with life at its simplest. Day 1 Its 10 am, Im running late for school, Im hungry, its freezing, and I have no money in my wallet. Now, a person often says he is broke, meaning he cant buy a new pair of sneakers, but I literally have not a dollar to my name, having quit one job and having yet to land another. This day without money looks like the perfect opportunity to explore Thoreaus concept of living without the common comfort money can bring. But even Thoreau, with his dislike for money, eventually gets a job as a schoolteacher in Concord. (usmh12.usmd.edu/thoreau) I cant really experience any Walden lake situation either, because I must go to school, and being without money is not an excuse to avoid it. I grab a banana and rush to school only to realize that I cant park in the schools lot (that I have parked in everyday for the last three years without a problem.) A two-dollar fee never seemed so large. If I were in the forest, at least the parking would be free. I pull over and scrounge through my trunk, foolishly believing there might be a few quarters lying around. Not in this city. I end up driving around Park Merced for 20 precious minutes searching for free parking. Is everyone else as broke as I am? I head to my favorite coffee shop for their specialty, the white mocha, only to turn red as the cashier looks to me for payment. I cant believe Im this broke. How am I supposed to go all day without coffee? The same thing happens at lunch, but this time I stop myself before reaching the cashier. Looks like Im learning. I stop at the supermarket on the way home and pick up coffee and lunch supplies, determined to get up early enough to make coffee before school and pack a lunch. Needless to say, I pay the cashier in plastic. Later, I have to do the same at the gas station, but I know I cant keep using my credit card like this. What am I supposed to do, though? I need gas, food, and coffee. I also need to get my nails done, but I dont see that happening anytime soon. The end of the day leaves me frustrated. I need a job. I dont care what Emerson and Thoreau say about living simply. This no money thing will not work. Day 2 The CD player in my car breaks. This may not sound like such a big deal, but I certainly do not have the money to fix it, and there is no radio, so now Im left with no sound in my vehicle. Driving to school, I can hear my cars little engine huffing and puffingIve never really heard it before since I always have my Britney Spears playing so loud. I pull into the student lot (Ive managed to snag my roommates pass from earlier) and reach out of habit to remove my stereos face. But, right, nothing is there. The drive into the city is

Sunday, November 24, 2019

The Raven Essays - Literature, Fiction, Poetry By Edgar Allan Poe

The Raven Essays - Literature, Fiction, Poetry By Edgar Allan Poe The Raven The Raven Once upon a midnite dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary. Edgar Allen Poe, The Raven, This poem is mainly about his wife dying and her being sick and his depression and anger. Nameless here forevermore, Only this and nothing more, Darkness there and nothing more, Tis the wind and nothing more. While I nodded nearly napping suddenly there came a tapping as pf sp,epme gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door, some visitor, he muttered tapping at my chamber door. Wondering , fearing, doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before, the silence was unbroken and the only word spoken was the whispered word Lenore and that he whispered back and then echo came back Lenore merely that and nothing more. Open then came the shutter, with a flutter, and there stood a Raven of the saintly days of yore, and there it stood perched above my chamber door, Raven wondering from the Nightly shore tell me what the lordly name is on the nights Plutonian shore, his response, quote the raven nevermore Then the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censor swung by seraphim whose foot falls tinkled on the hard floor. Wretch he cried, respite the memories of Lenore this kind nepenthe and forget his lost Lenore. Thing of evil, bird of devil, tell his soul with sorrow laden if within the distant Aidenn it shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore. And the raven never flitting still is sitting just above my chamber door, and his eyes have all the seeming of demons that is dreaming and the lamp light over him streaming throws his shadow on the floor, and my soul from out of that shadow that lies floating on the floor, shall be lifted-nevermore.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Perform a highest and best use analysis on two properties Essay

Perform a highest and best use analysis on two properties - Essay Example The building is in urgent need of total maintenance. Keeping in mind the cost of buying a flat in this building and then contributing 1/6 of the total cost of renovation is high. But to make my flat financial feasible to the prospective buyer as well as lucrative enough for me to sell, I will have to invest money in its renovation. Then only can it be termed financially feasible from both the buyer and seller's point of view. There is no question of the supermarket not being financially feasible. Since it is a recent construction, there will hardly be any renovation required for a long time to come. This supermarket is economically doing fine so it is at its highest and best use. Legal conformity: Both the properties are legally fine. The only thing is that the residential building can legally never be converted into a commercial property as it is situated in an area meant for residential houses. Maximal productivity: Both the properties are maximally productive. The flat in which I live will guarantee highest net value to the developer because of the area in which it is situated. The supermarket is fit in all aspects and is unquestionably maximally productive. Physical possibility: Both the properties scored well in the physical possibility test. Keeping in mind the topography, shape, size and other attributes of the sites, any potential future use will not be a problem for both the sites. After

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Written and Unwritten Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Written and Unwritten Constitution - Essay Example As we have already seen, the sources of the British Constitution are many and various, and may generally be grouped under four heads: This distinction between written and unwritten constitutions has led to the establishment of a far more important classification of written and unwritten constitutions. The idea of permanency is closely associated with the concept of constitution so much so that stability is considered to be one of its main attributes. Written constitutions are considered to be more permanent and, therefore, more written, because, generally speaking, they cannot be amended except by a special process or by means of special machinery. Unwritten constitutions, on the other hand, are deemed to be unwritten because they can be amended or altered by the ordinary process of legislation. It should, however, be noted that the distinction between written and unwritten constitutions does not necessarily depend on the distinction between written and unwritten constitutions. A written constitution may be as unwritten as an unwritten constitution. A typical instance is furnished by the Italian Constitution of 184 8 which, according to the generally accepted view, could be amended by the ordinary process of legislation. (Smith, 2001, 80) The distinction between written and unwritten constitutions was pointed out for the first time by Bryce, and has now become a fundamental concept of constitutional law and practice. According to Bryce, there are two types of constitutions: those which have grown organically without any pattern either in their form or in their content and which consist of a variety of laws, conventions and customs. (Bogdanor, 1997, 351) The second type is the result of systematic, exhaustive and conscious labour. The first type is derived from the same source as the ordinary laws and, consequently, may be abrogated or revised by the same organ and in the same manner as in the case of ordinary laws; and this he calls an unwritten constitution. On the other hand, a written constitution is derived from a source other than that of ordinary laws and is of a rank superior to that of ordinary laws. It can only be annulled or amended by the same organ which created it or some other organ to which its power has been delegated. In other words, a written constitution is one which demands for its amendment or revision special machinery or a special method. 1 It, therefore, occupies a privileged position and possesses a greater guarantee of permanence: a situation which French jurists have described as constitutional super-legality. In theory, therefore, inflexibility is the essence of this system. (Patterson, 1947, 135) A typic al instance of a written constitution is furnished by the United States of America. Article 7 of the Constitution prescribes two different methods of amendment: (i) either two-thirds of both Houses of the Congress may propose amendments, or legislatures of two-thirds of the States may call a convention for proposing amendments, and (ii) the

Monday, November 18, 2019

SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SLP - Essay Example It is however the slowest in starting up of the three and it seems that the application has heavy files. The slowest of the three search engine to load a website is internet explorer. It requires twice as much time to load compare to chrome and even fails to load sometimes. There are only two utility of a website that I find useful for what I need which is for research work in school and recreation (social networking, interesting websites etch). So the important utility that I need is how fast does it load a certain website and how fast does it load videos and pictures. Of the three, google chrome loads the fastest which I find very useful to what I need. I have to be honest that I am quite impatient when I surf the net. Speed is very important for me that is why I was annoyed using internet explorer because it is very slow and has a lot of bugs evident with its constant failure to load. This experience made me realize that user experience is very important to make an application relevant and useful. So if I will create applications someday, I will bear in mind the need and experience of the users so that the application I created will become

Friday, November 15, 2019

Describe and evaluate theories of aggression

Describe and evaluate theories of aggression There are many forms of aggression used in society today, from name calling in the playground to domestic violence, a man or women being beaten by his or her spouse. There are several on-going debates regarding aggression development, one of the main debates is nature versus nurture with Konrad Lorenz supporting the nature theory by suggesting that aggression is an instinct that we are all born with and Albert Bandura supporting the nurture theory, believing that a child is influenced by their surroundings and by their upbringing. This leads to the question could aggression be genetically transferred to us like the colour of our hair or eyes or does it develop as we grow and mature and interact with the world around us. Frustration and anger are common precursors to aggression but anger doesnt always turn into aggression; frustration arising from inability to control a situation leads to anger which may or may not escalate to full blown aggression. Anger can lead to irritation; when we get ready in the morning to go to work and the car does not start we may feel frustrated and sense the anger warming up our face, however, it may not escalate to aggression because the object did not choose to act that way. In other words, we feel angry or aggressive when we know that the source of frustration could have chosen to behave in a better or more desirable manner. A study by Averill and Weiner showed that anger arises when someone who frustrates us could have chosen to act otherwise. (Myers 2005, p.387) The evolutionary explanation of human aggression suggests that aggression serves as an important function in terms of the individuals survival as well as its potential to procreate. Newman et al discovered genes that are linked to aggression in Macaque monkeys and this gene has been present in them for at least 25 million years and so for that gene to have survived it must have provided some advantages. One explanation for aggression in people is that humans are somehow programmed to be aggressive and violent and that it part of a persons basic nature. Another view suggests that aggression is an inherited fighting instinct that we share with other species. In the past males had to act aggressively to get rid of competition and get the mate they desire. They eliminated their competition either by driving them away or by killing them. Aggression can thus be seen to serve adaptive purposes. Because the males who were fittest survived and got the most access to females it may have lead to the aggressive gene to be passed on and so creates a more aggressive generation which is stronger and fitter than the last. Spriggs (1999) argued that our hunter-gatherer ancestors would have formed a social structure based on stamina, physical strength and stature. So our ancestors survived on their abilities and an adaptive aggressive tendency. Males might also have become the aggressors was in order to win favour of the females and then pass on his genes. Since evolutionary success was built on the foundation of the aggressive male and responsive female, evolution continues to favour the social groups dominated by natural selection. There is however various factors that help prove the theory that genetics is a large component in aggression. Some hunters in groups were better than other; some groups produced more males, males that were better at gathering sources, which is why in some cultures it is seen more desirable to have males. Those men who have the combined traits of strength, stamina and cunning begin to outperform and bring back more than the others. As a result their stature grew and so did their chances of reproduction. The disadvantage with this theory is that the evidence given is based on thousands of years ago when humanity first began, so it is difficult to empirically test. Some scientists argue that this theory is defenseless and has no real evidence. Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud agreed with the nature theory to aggression development, he believed in the instinct theory. He stated that everyone is born with an instinct to live, Eros, and an instinct to die, Thanatos, and that as our aggression builds up and builds up, we can turn our death instinct towards others in a movement of self preservation to stop us from destroying ourselves. This process is known as the hydraulic theory; Freud suggested that the only way around this was to find another way to vent our aggression build up possibly through some form of therapeutic release such as sport. Lorenz studied animals as he believed, like Darwin, that we evolved from animals and he found that we have inherited a fighting instinct from them. He supports the nature theory but his beliefs differ from Freuds as he finds aggression a beneficial instinct that doesnt come from an internal struggle between our life and death instincts but from an instinct to protect territory, part ners and young from rivals of the same species. Megargee and Mendelsohn agreed with Freuds theories and completed a study on people who had committed brutally aggressive crimes, they found that their aggression had been repressed for so long until it built up so much that something trivial caused an aggressive outburst, and, as Freuds theory predicts, after the outburst the attacker returned to a normal calm state with no signs of an aggressive nature. There are a lot of problems with the instinct theory one being that it is difficult to test and another being that not everyone displays the same levels of aggression in the same circumstances which suggests biological factors alone cannot be responsible. Also there are some societies that show almost no acts of aggression at all such as the Amish located in both America and Canada and the Nubians situated in Egypt. There is also the view that aggression is something we learn or imitate from people around us this is known as the social learning theory. The Social Learning theory proposes that the cause of all aggressive behaviour is due to interactions with others in our social world. According to social learning theorists such as Bandura, aggressive behaviour is learned in either one of 2 ways, by direct experience which is based on operant conditioning or by vicarious (indirect) experience which is based on observational learning. Operant conditioning is for example, when a child pushes another child and, as a result, gets something they want; the action is then reinforced and is likely to occur in similar situations in the future. However observational learning is when a child sees a role model behaving in a particular way and imitates the behaviour of the model. It is thought that most aggression is learnt by observational learning, usually from those who are of a big significance to us. From these models we learn about the nature of aggressive behaviour and to which situations this behaviour is appropriate and also its likely consequences. According to behaviourists, behaviour that is reinforced (rewarded) will be repeated and learned and aggression that is associated with a reward (e.g. Praise) is likely to be learned. However there are various factors that can determine whether a person will be aggressive in a certain situation, one of these is whether a persons previous experiences of aggression (either their own or aggression of another person) were good or bad experiences. Another factor is whether these previous experiences were successful or not, this then allows them to assess how likely their aggressive behaviour will get them rewarded or punished in this certain situation. Finally, the cognitive, social and environmental factors that are operating at the same time, for example a person isnt likely to act aggressive if they fear that the victim may retaliate. On the other hand, aggression is likely to increase if person is in a hostile situation. Bandura combines the logic of both social psychology and cognitive psychology in his social cognitive perspective of human behaviour. Bandura thought that behaviour may be motivated not only by inherent psychological factors but also by more socio-environmental factors. He argued that the individual and the social environment were linked, something he called reciprocal determinism. Bandura social learning theory had four basic processes which are Attention, Retention, Reproduction and Motivation (Reinforcements). Attention only occurs if a person attends to the models behaviour. Retention happens as we code and remember the behaviour by placing it into long-term memory. Reproduction happens if an individual is capable of reproducing the models behaviour. If an individual expects to receive positive reinforcements this will then motivate an individuals behaviour, which is the motivation process. The Social Learning theorys view on aggression is supported by various experiments. Banduras most well-known study is the Bobo Doll Study whch involved child male and female participants from 3 to 5 years old with half the participants exposed to aggressive models interacting with a life-sized inflatable Bobo doll whilst the other half were exposed to models with no aggression. Children in the aggressive condition reproduced most of the physical and verbal aggressive behaviour whereas children in the non aggressive showed virtually no aggression. The findings support the Social Learning theory as the aggressive behaviour displayed came diectly from watching an aggressive model. Bandura also carried out variations of his study, one showing the model being rewarded or punished in a variety of ways, the kids were rewarded for their imitations, and the model was changed to be less attractive or less prestigious, and so on. Â   Responding to criticism that Bobo dolls were supposed to be hit, he even did a film of the young woman beating up a live clown. Â   When the children went into the other room, what should they find there but the live clown! Â   They proceeded to punch him, kick him, hit him with little hammers, and so on. The variations support the Social Learning Theory even more because of its 4 processes with the last being motivation/reinforcements. One variation showed that from 3 different groups the group that had seen the model being rewarded for aggressive behaviour showed high levels of aggression, however those who seen the model punished performed a lower level of aggression and the ones that saw the model neither punished nor rewarded fell between the other two levels. This supports Social Learning Theorys about reinforcements. However, the studies lack ecological validity because they were carried out in Laboratory conditions which means the results may not be able to be applied to real world situations. On the other hand Social Learning Theory can explain inconsistencies in aggressive behaviour. For example, if someone is aggressive and overpowering at home, yet meek and passive at work then it means they have learned to behave differently in the two situations as aggression brings reward in one place but not the other. Therefore the theory makes logical sense that we have learned this. SLT can also explain cultural differences in aggressive behaviour. The culture of violence theory proposes that some cultures emphasize and model aggressive behaviour whilst others do the opposite and so are more likely to produce individuals with low levels of aggression. This means that there isnt cultural bias in the studies as they have studied various different cultures and explained the differences between them. Also, the studies have lead to other developments in the real world so have importance in the fact the studies have practical applications. The studies have lead to changes such as focus on the effects of the visual media on both children and Adults. It has also led to implications on other different places such as classroom use. This is because now they can see certain reinforcements could be put into use, for example rewarded for answering a very hard question in class or being punished for maybe hitting another pupil in the class. It is effective for increasing appropriate behaviour and also good for decreasing inappropriate behaviours. However, although the theory has many strong points it also has its weaknesses such as the fact that the Social Learning Theory is also reductionist in the sense that is ignores biological factors. Biological theorists argue that Social Learning Theory ignores biological factors completely. It doesnt look at brain structures or possible learning difficulties and therefore the results collected could lack validity. It also means that SLT takes the nurture side of the nature/nurture debate. Finally, one of the main issues with the Social Learning Theorys research studies; in particular Bandura is the fact that it seen as very unethical and also morally wrong to encourage the children to be aggressive. David Skuse from the Institute of Child Health also conducted his own study on 224 former male child abuse victims he disagrees with Zeanah and Zeanah and found that only 12% of these abused children went on in later life to copy or imitate this abuse. Myers (2005 p. 386), explains, Displacement is the redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of frustration. Generally, the new target is a safer or more socially acceptable target. It is difficult to understand why people intentionally cause harm to others; however, it is even more complex to comprehend why an innocent third person would be targeted to express frustration. Several theories have emerged on the subject and they give us better insight into the psychology of displaced aggression. Conventional psychology suggested that displaced aggression was closely connected with low-self esteem. However since the breakthrough study by Baumeister (1996), conventional wisdom has given way to a startling revelation, i.e. people with high ego are more likely to engage in aggressive behaviour than people with lower self esteem. Baumeister and Bushman (1998) studied aggression in more detail and in greater depth than many other researchers. They were the first to suggest that low self-esteem may have not any link to aggression rather it is inflated ego that appears to lead to aggression. In their study they tested young adults for narcissism and found that those who scored higher on narcissist scale would react with significantly more aggression than those who scored low on this scale. Self-love, as they had put it, was thus found to be closely linked to aggression. It would be important to understand here that self-esteem is not the same thing as ego. Some very egoistical people may not have high self-esteem. Even though these terms have been used interchangeably, it is wrong to assume that they are the same. The reason Baumeister and Bushman (1998) used them this way is because a person with low self-esteem doesnt really love himself and self-love was the main subject of this research. Temperature can play an important role with aggression, (Baron/ Bell) did research involving the effects of heat on aggression by seeing how willing a participant would be to give electric shocks to another,they found that temperatures within the range of 92-95F generally increased the level of aggression. However when the temperatures became too extreme they found the lvels of aggression decreased, in these conditions the participants were stressed and did not want to handle the persons angry reactions, because they didnt want the hassle of the added stress. Baron and Bells study showed a curvilinear effect (where the relationship between heat and aggression both increase together but as it gets to a certain point the aggression decreases) between temperature and aggression which was predicted by the NAE theory saying that when temperature becomes very high an individual seeks to escape lowering aggression, but at lower temperatures the negative affect leads to aggression. There have been many scientists that feel that outside factors are the cause of aggression, Berkowitz studied the effects of coldness on aggressive tendencies and found that students that held their hands in very cold water showed an increase in the likeliness of aggression towards fellow students. Whereas Carlsmith and Anderson studied 79 cities between 1967 and 1971 and they found that aggression was more likely to occur when it was particularly hot days. With so many studies showing different triggers and responses to aggression it is unlikely that we will ever find a definite cause. It could be a combination of all theories or just depend on the subject concerned however as long as there is aggression and violence in society it will continue to be researched and studied. Bibliography Davenport G.C (1994) An Introduction to Child Development Collins Educational London Gross R. And McIlveen R. (1998) Psychology A New Introduction Greengate Publishing Services Kent www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A1093439 Accessed 21/03/09 www.beyondintractability.org/essay/aggression Accessed 21/03/09 www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/CliffsReviewTopic/Aggression.topicArticleId-25438,articleId-25408.html Date accessed 21/03/09 www.criminology.fsu.edu/crimtheory/bandura.htm Date accessed 21/03/09 http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/exchange/node/1809 Date accessed 21/03/09 http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:xd_v53tfKawJ:learn.hackney.ac.uk/file.php/32/Psychology_-_Dean/Social_Psychology/Handout_06_-_Theories_of_Aggression.doc+theories+of+aggressioncd=12hl=enct=clnkgl=uk Date accessed 21/03/09 Displaced aggression is an abnormal behavior even if found commonly in some people. It is continued as an easier form of aggression release if the aggressor has been successful the first time. If the aggression directed to the innocent target results in a positive outcome for the aggressor, the aggression is rewarded. The individual will recur to the same method of release of frustration the next time he faces similar situation if he feels that there are not consequences connected to the harm-doing. When punishment to this behavior is applied, it can teach the aggressor self-control. Displaced Aggression in children and young adults Unfortunately, when a parent has no control over the emotions caused by frustration and had tasted the reward of aggression, he/she is more likely to continue displacing the aggression toward his family; therefore, his children will learn aggression as a normal behavior. Displacement effects are, certainly, attached to ethnic and racial conflicts as well as many other social behaviors. Discrimination and prejudice are forms of aggression displacement. Motivation to restore equity may also produce displacement-like behavior. Displacement of aggression can also be observed in children at schools when they decide to transfer the frustration caused by a teachers negative attitude against them, toward others students. They cannot attack physically or verbally the teacher so displacement of the aggression is redirected to a target other than the source of frustration. Generally, the new target is a safer or more socially acceptable target. (Myers, 2005, p. 386). In this case, the targets are those kids to whom the teacher pays more attention. The teacher represents the authority, problem-solver person in charge and, in many cases, the children cannot approach them to talk about their feelings and even the needs they have about a subject. Then, the frustration turns into anger and without self control, in aggressive behavior. The student will feel rewarded by the displacement aggressive act even if the release of frustration is temporary. Displaced Aggression and Self-esteem Choice of Target It has also been found that aggressors choice of the innocent target is dependent on some important factors such as similarity of the target to the actual source or similarity of the situation in which the target was found. In other words, a person who behaves violently towards his wife when she asks him why he never mowed the lawn chose his wife as the target because her request bore some resemblance to the aggressive requests made by his boss. Miller (1948) suggested that choice of target is not a random act. It is based on three factors: a. the strength of the instigation to aggression b. the strength of inhibitions against such behavior c. The stimulus similarity of each potential victim to the frustrating agent. (Baron, 1977,p.24) The third factor explains that a target is chosen because it resembled the frustrating agent. The person may have used the same tone, asked for something similar, or made a demand in similar manner. It can be anything but as long as in the aggressors mind, it resembled the source, this target would be chosen. But this is not the only factor. It has also been found that the resembling target must also exhibit certain weakness. He/she must appear weaker than the original source and also weaker than the aggressor himself. A strong target no matter how much it resembles the source is most often not selected because the aggressor cannot hope to be successful against him. Triggers and Displaced Aggression In this regard, triggered displaced aggression studies have offered some interesting insights. Triggered displaced aggression suggests that strength of the trigger is closely connected with level of displaced aggression. Mild triggers were most often responded to with very high levels of displaced aggression compared to moderate or strong trigger. Vasquez et al. (2004) used triggers to examine the situations in which a person may choose to display displaced aggression. He found that mild triggers were more likely to result in serious displaced aggression compared to moderate or strong triggers. For example, episodes of road rage or spousal abuse are frequently elicited by minor events. Thus, in many of these episodes, a prior provocation or frustration may have contributed to the aggression observed in response to a minor impoliteness on the highway or a wifes reminder about the uncut lawn. Moreover, aggressive individuals may not even be explicitly aware that their response to the person who provided the minor triggering event may be inordinately disproportionate. Although the process details presented here are incomplete, future research conducted within the TDA paradigm may eventually lead to a complete understanding of situational and individual moderators of aggressive responding among previously provoked participants in response to a mild triggering provocation. It is hoped that through understanding these moderators and process variables, efforts to limit aggressive responding may be developed. Vasquez (2004) and others who have studied triggered displaced aggression used terms that might confuse a person regarding the connection between strength of triggers and displaced aggression. In simple terms, the reason a mild trigger elicits highest level of displaced aggression is because of the inherent weakness of the trigger. The target chose to use a mild trigger because he/she apparently lacked the strength to make a stronger provocation. The aggressor takes it as a sign of weakness that gives him the confidence to lash out and choose the person as a target. Conclusion We have often come across cases of displaced aggression. We may have also been guilty of engaging in it ourselves too without realizing that our aggression was displaced. Displaced aggression is not only found in adults but is also exhibited by children. It is a common not highly undesirable way to react to a provocative situation. The behavior is considered abnormal and is closely linked to inflated ego instead of self esteem. Children can learn displaced aggression as a normal way of reacting to frustration because that is how their parents behaved. Aggressors choose their targets based on some important characteristics. Most importantly this target should resemble the actual source in some manner and must also exhibit certain degree of weakness. It is important to understand that our research revealed no direct link between self esteem but was linked to narcissist behavior. A person who loves himself in an abnormal manner fails to take insults in its proper perspective and decides that he would react strongly even if the actual source remains unmoved. This is when an innocent third person is chosen. Displaced aggression can be treated through carefully administered punishment that sends a message that this kind of behavior is undesired and must be discontinued.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Queen Sondok Essays -- Korean History

Queen Sondok Queen Sondok was the first woman to become a queen in the Korean Silla kingdom in 632 A.D. Queen Ma-ya, Sondok's mother, did not bear any sons to become king, so King Chinpyong sent her to a convent in the mountains to become a nun. This brought a great deal of sadness to Sondok, she said, "The monastery has swallowed everyone I love." (7) After Queen Ma-ya was gone, King Chinpyong, who had reigned for fifty years, remarried a woman who also could not bear him a son (7). Since Sondok was the eldest daughter, Sondok became queen after the king died. She became the most famous queen of a Korean state. Queen Sondok was born in Korea in 610 A.C.E. She ruled for fourteen years, holding the realm together against external and internal threats. During this period, women already had a certain degree of influence as advisers, queen dowagers, and regents. Throughout the kingdom, women were heads of families since matrilineal lines of descent existed alongside patrilineal lines. The Confucian model, which placed women in a subordinate position within the family, was not to have a major impact in Korea until the fifteenth century and most of people throughout the kingdom believed in Buddhism, Daoism, and Shamanism (6). During the Silla kingdom, women's status remained relatively high. Early in her life Sondok had displayed an unusually quick mind. For example, when she was seven, her father received a gift from the Emperor of China. It was a beautiful painting of peonies, accompanied by a box of the flower's seeds. Sonduk commented that the flower was beautiful, but it was a pity, because it had no sweet perfume. Her father, brow knit in confusion, asked her how she could know that, since she had never se... ... (http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/heroine7.html) 2. Still More Women Rulers 3. Women of Royalty - Sondok, Queen of Silla (http://royalwomen.tripod.com/womenofroyalty/id17.html) 4. Muses – The Graces—Graeco-Roman (http://www.geocities.com/Wellesley/1582/muses.html) 5. Lee, Ki-baik -1984 ANew History of Korea Translated by Edward W.Wbner. Harvard University Press, London. (http://ko-m.hp.infoseek.co.jp/Miruk.htm) 6. Famous Koreans – Six Portraits by Mary Connor. Education about Asia, volume 6, number 2, Fall 2001. (http://www.aasianst.org/EAA/connor.htm) 7. Sondok: Princess of the Moon and Stars, Korea, A.D. 595 (The Royal Diaries) by Sheri Holman 8. The Influence of China on the Three Kingdoms and Unified Silla (http:// www.marymount.k12.ny.us/marynet/TeacherResources/SILK% 20Road/html/sillatang.htm)