Globalization And International Business Globalization

Monica Mall 3/11/15 India Intro Globalization/ International Business In the text International Business, globalization is defined as the â€Å"acceleration and extension of the interdependence of economic and business activities across national boundaries (p 3)†. Many multinational corporations manufacture products in different nations and selling internationally to different nations. With the constant flow of goods and service help the integration of economies and societies. Since the recent boom of technology has boosted the pace of the integrations of the global markets and became a powerful component of globalization. Many key components that are can be successful or downfall of international globalization; such as†¦show more content†¦India has built the foundations of MNE in many host countries and after the policy setbacks of 1971 and 1991 that nearly threaten to close the MNE down. India began to explore the â€Å"dynamic trajectories† perspective. These setbacks changed India’s local responsiveness stragerty in making investments: †¢ Input Side o Manufacturing Plants, Plantations, Trademarks, Patents and Talent †¢ Output Side o Functional Focus, Product Mix, Pricing and Distribution †¢ Host Country Government Relationships With Investment as an input will bring the grown in employment and can off set Indian polices of epochs. Figure 1.2 explains the â€Å"dynamic trajectories† framework that illustrates the evolution of the policy situation in the host country that starts with a â€Å"negative epoch† and then followed by a â€Å"positive epoch† with the respects to the policy in the direction of MNEs (Choudhury Khanna). In the text International Business, Culture is â€Å"the art and other manifestations of human intellectual achievements regarded collectively; the customs, civilization, and achievement of particular time or people: the way of life a particular society or group (p 189)†. India still follows the structure of a caste system in their nation. A caste system is the segregation of people withShow MoreRelatedInternational Business and Globalization1496 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization encourages worldwide business. Globalization is an efficient process by which all the nations of world will commonly try to set regular universal standards regulations (both created recommended) which will encourage business around different nations. Business around nations or elements crosswise over different fringes is called universal business. Economic globalization The expression globalization is generally utilized as a part of business rings and matters of tradeRead MoreInternational Business Globalization4876 Words   |  20 Pages  89)  People who violate folkways are considered to be evil or bad.      Difficulty: Medium    7.  (p.  90)  Folkways include rituals and symbolic behavior.      Difficulty: Medium    8.  (p.  90)  The bow that is given by a Japanese business executive to another business executive is an example of symbolic behavior.      Difficulty: Medium    9.  (p.  90)  Mores have much greater significance than folkways.      Difficulty: Medium    10.  (p.  91)  If a country is characterized as havingRead MoreInternational Business : The Challenges Of Globalization963 Words   |  4 Pages Globalization nowadays is a very popular topic. With the rapid development of the economy, services and commercials trade between countries become more and more convent. The world becomes more and more like a global village. At the same time, it begins to have a deep influence on a company’s strategy plan which manager is involved in an international business market. In International Business: The Challenges of Globalization, I interested in PART 5 Chapter 2 Cross-Cultural Business. In my perviousRead MoreReflect of Globalization on International Business1485 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization refers to the increasing unification of the worlds economic order through reduction of such barriers to international trade as tariffs, export fees, and import quotas. The goal is to increase material wealth, goods, and services through an international division of labor by efficiencies catalyzed by international relations, specialization and competition. It describes the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through communication, transportationRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On International Business828 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization has influenced the way our world works today. This is the process of international business. Many of the items we are using at this very moment are imports, products produced in another country. Many businesses today rely on exports, products produced in their home country and shipped to other nations. Every country relies on imports and exports. Wether a firm is expanding to another nation or uses imported goods, international business is always involved and will affect the businessRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On International Business2183 Words   |  9 PagesWHAT IS GLOBALIZATION Fundamentally, globalization is the closer integration of countries and peoples of the world which has been brought about by the enormous reductions of costs of transport and communications and the breaking down of artificial barriers to the flow of goods, services, capital, knowledge and to a lesser extent. Globalization is an umbrella term for a complex series of economic, social, technological, cultural and political changes seen as increasing interdependence, integrationRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On International Business2183 Words   |  9 PagesWHAT IS GLOBALIZATION Fundamentally, globalization is the closer integration of countries and peoples of the world which has been brought about by the enormous reductions of costs of transport and communications and the breaking down of artificial barriers to the flow of goods, services, capital, knowledge and to a lesser extent. Globalization is an umbrella term for a complex series of economic, social, technological, cultural and political changes seen as increasing interdependence, integrationRead MoreGlobalization And Terms Of International Business1756 Words   |  8 Pagesis globalization in terms of international business? Give a practical example using class source. Answer: Globalisation refers to the integration of world economy into a single economy. For example product, services, culture, communication etc. In the current business era the word Global Village is much highlighted, it is only because of the Globalisation. Globalisation not only increased the flow of international business but also has great impact on cultural change. International business refersRead MoreGlobalization and Its Impact on International Business Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pages............3 What is Globalization....................................................4 The engines for Globalizations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Globalization’s impacts on international business†¦..7 The road ahead for international business†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Introduction Every day we hear it on the news, read it in the papers, overhear people talking about it†¦ and in every single instance the word globalization seems to have a differentRead MoreWhy Globalization Is a Threat to International Business1302 Words   |  5 PagesMany see globalization as an opportunity for international business, but it is clearly a threat. The expression globalisation has obtained impressive emotive energy. Some perspective it as a process that is advantageous a key to future world investment improvement and likewise inexorable and irreversible. Others respect it with danger, even fear, accepting that it builds favouritism inside and between countries, debilitates business and living measures and defeats social advancement. This short

Regulate... G Funk Era free essay sample

In the past few years the rap scene has been constantly played out, but Warren G. has come out with a fresh and original new style that is sure to appease rap and hip-hop fans alike. It would seem only natural since Warren G. is the younger brother of former N.W.A. member, and now solo artist, Dr. Dre. Warren G originally hooked up with Dre for the double-platinum hit soundtrack Above the Rim, where he and long-time friend Nate Dogg (who is controversial rapper Snoop Dogs cousin) collaborated for the success of Regulate. Regulate exploded, selling well in excess of a million and a half copies, and has helped to spawn Regulate G Funk Era, which entered the charts at #2, below only the new Stone Temple Pilots album. Following the success of the album, another hit single was released, entitled This DJ. It instantly followed the success of Regulate and has already busted the top 10. We will write a custom essay sample on Regulate G Funk Era or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Regulate and This DJ have been able to break down barriers that confront the gangsta rap scene. Both songs were able to hit urban and top 40 stations with ease. Warren G may seem to many people like another West Coast rapper talking about life as a gangsta, drive by shoot-outs, and a typical day in downtown L.A., South Central, or Compton. But Warren easily sheds that image with his somewhat hard-core rhymes that are fleshed out with a funked-down twist. So if you want to catch onto the ever-growing era of funk, Regulate G Funk Era is by far the best ticket. .

Tivo Case Analysis Essay Example

Tivo Case Analysis Paper TiVo a disruptive or a sustaining technology on the fact coming from the article, TiVo iS a disruptive technology * TiVo did not seek to become a media portal or a content aggregator. Instead, it would act primarily as a facilitator to third party content distributors. At the core of these offerings was Tivocast, a feature that let users access video contents feeds through main TiVo menu Two push Into broadband content distribution. TiVo could deliver such content only users who linked their TiVo devices to a broadband onnection. In mid-2007, about 650,000 users fell Into that category, although an Increasing percentage ot new subscribers were connecting to TIVO Vla broadband (usually through a wireless connection). In addition. TiVo could offer broadband content only to its retail customers Mass distribution partners. according to TiVo leaders, did not yet have the ability to transmit TiVo-controlled content through their delivery networks. TiVo understood the challenge of pursing opportunities in so many fields. each with its own business model.Nonetheless. the vision required TiVo to sustain operation on all of these fronts at least until the company could clarify which of its bets were right ones. Â  What was TiVoS strategy in the initial years of it operation? TiVcfs goal is to change the way consumers watch television, broadband video. and advertising and to generate revenues through the deployment of its entertainment services and technology to television viewing households worldwide. We will write a custom essay sample on Tivo Case Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tivo Case Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tivo Case Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The key elements of TiVo strategy initial years of its operation are: Sales and distribution: Stand-Alone sales and Mass distribution * Diversify Sources of Revenue: AS TiVoS subscription base is large, it can offer interactive advertising capabilities to programmers and advertisers, Which take advantage Of the unique tagging, recording, storage, and viewing capabilities Of the TiVo service. * Audience Research and Measurement: TiVoS ability to track users Viewing habits opened up another promising business line for the company. In June 2006, TiVo launched its Audience Research and Measurement (ARM) unit, which expanded the companys existing product line in this area. Its core ARM products was the commercial Viewership Report, which charted hot. ers watched or did not watch commercial content. Software and Intellectual Property: Protecting and, where possible, monetizing Intellectual property (IP) had become an increasingly vital element of TiVos strategy. International Operation and branding: the strength of the TiVo brand Is an advantage in attracting consumers. cable and satellite television providers, and other customers. Comcast and Cox would promote and deploy TiVo-branded DVR software to their subscribers.There is a large opportunity to leverage the TiVo service and technology outside the united States. Â  What have been the key successes and first mover Due to the first mover in this market, it took time and money to copy this advantage. The first version of its product/service was fully loaded with all the innovative additional features that maximized the viewers experience. TiVo wanted to grow speedily within this new segment by looking for partnerships with TV distribution. TiVo could also increase its speed to market by focusing on developing its service and licensing its hardware technology to large Consumer Electronic ompanies. What have been the key failures and weakness of this strategy? Although TiVo has their advantage of first mover, they has to face with many other disadvantage of one. There are a lot of other competitors which will try to copy model and invest more and more capital. The competitors also take advantage from the failures from TiVo to improve their products. Stand-Alone DVR sales: To become stand-alone TiVo customers, consumers first had to buy a TiVo DVR either directly from the company or from a CE retailer. They then had to subscribe to the TiVo service on either a monthly or a multi-year basis. A TiVo DVR was virtually worthless without that service. This model were not in favor of customers because it was not flexible. What should TiVo do going forward? What strategy do you recommend and why? Enrich media content of product: cooperates with film maker to have the right to distribute through TiVo network. On-cloud storage: no more needed to be stored in the HDD. The cloud technology helps TiVo and customers inherited low cost for the products. Optimization tools for their products: customization or internet connection optimization are the best examples which customers often looking for an online solution.

Nike Corporations Marketing Strategies and Objectives

Nike Corporations Marketing Strategies and Objectives Purpose and Mission Two university students, Philip Knight and Bill Bowerman in the Early 1964, founded Blue Ribbon Sports, a company that later changed its name to Nike, Inc. in 1978. The company trades mainly in sportswear and equipments. It was founded in Beaverton, Oregon a small part of Portland.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Nike Corporation’s Marketing Strategies and Objectives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is the very same place where the headquarters of the company is situated. From its humble beginnings, the company has grown to become the leading sports label in the entire universe (Rodman 126). Initially, the company only operated in the United States of America. At the present moment, it is operating in over 160 different countries. It has employed over 30,000 individuals directly who operate in the six continents of the world. Furthermore, it has an indirect involvement of over 1millio n individuals who depend on the company. This includes shipping and warehousing employees, marketers, suppliers, retailers and other individuals who are involved in the supply chain of the company`s products (Nike, 2011). If you have a body, you are an athlete: this is the motto of Nike, Inc. (Nike, 2011). This observation was made by Bill Bowerman who used it as an inspiration to create products that would take the talent and enthusiasm of athletes to another level. These very same words are an inspiration to the employees of Nike, Inc. They lead them in meeting the needs and desires of their customers. In the process, they have been able to maintain the legacy of the company making it stand ahead of its competitors in terms of creativity and innovation. The company`s mission is to bring inspiration and innovation to its customers (Nike, 2011). Employees of Nike, Inc. work hard to ensure that this mission statement is realized. To achieve this, the company has set up several object ives in the course of its operations. These objectives not only work to attain the mission and vision of the organization but also ensure that the company is viable in the market. At the present moment, the objective of the company is to supply its customers with state of the art sportswear and equipment that will take them to a new level of excellence (Nike, 2011). With the highly qualified staff, well set priorities and objectives, the company has become a leader in the industry. Through out its operation, the company has established a strong portfolio of brands that are highly recognized and respected in the market. The company started off as a distributor for a Japanese shoe making company, Onitsuka Tiger (now ASICS). Since then, it has grown and developed several brands of its own. These include: Nike Golf, Nike Pro, Nike+, Air Jordan and Nike Skateboarding. Other subsidiary brands include: Cole Haan, Hurley International, Umbro and Converse (Nike, 2011).Advertising Loo king for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The actual customers of the company are the athletes from all around the world. The company has commanded a strong market share by diversifying its products to accommodate athletes of all sports. This includes soccer, football, basketball, tennis, track and field, baseball, golf, hockey and so on. The company supplies these athletes with sportswear and equipment. At the same time, the company has also been targeting the public by supplying them with comfortable sportswear. This initiative has been successful and at the present moment, Nike is the most famous sportswear label in the universe. The company has been facing a lot of competition from other rival companies. Adidas, Reebok, Fila, Fubu, Dada, Wilson and so on are among the main competitors of the company. Despite the stiff competition that Nike is facing, the company has been and still is the lea der in the market. It operates in over 160 different countries (Kim 14). Situational Analysis Since its incorporation, Nike, Inc. has been able to identify its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The main strength of the company is its large market share coupled with the competitive advantage that the company has over its rivals. As stated earlier, the company is well established in the industry. It supplies athletes in various sports with sportswear and equipments. This ranges from apparels, footwear, balls and other equipments that are necessary for sports. The high quality products that the company has been supplying to these athletes have created a tight relationship between the company and its customers. Due to this, consumer loyalty has developed. This has led to high rates of consumer retention and acquisition of new customers. At the same time, the company has expanded its markets. It is now targeting not only athletes but also the entire population. This move has increased its operation. Due to this fact, the company is now operating in over 160 countries worldwide targeting almost every individual regardless of their age or sex. This has boosted the operations of the company by increasing the total revenue that it collects. Despite this, the company has some weaknesses. First, the products the company is producing are somehow expensive to individuals who are living in developing countries. Due to this fact, only a small portion of the population in these countries is able to afford their products. To work on this, the company has introduced new brands that are of high quality but affordable by majority of its customers. This move was initiated to fulfill its mission.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Nike Corporation’s Marketing Strategies and Objectives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nike, Inc. is the most popular sports brand in the world. At the same time, th e management of the company has been effective and efficient since it was incorporated. Due to this fact, the company has had the opportunity to grow and expand its market. As a result, the company has been able to take advantage of this opportunity and increased its market size. Due to this fact, the company has found it easier to enter into new markets and command a large market share. However, the company has been facing several threats in the course of its operations. First, it has been facing stiff competition from its rivals. This includes companies like Reebok, Fila, Fubu, Dada, Adidas and Wilson. This creates a lot of pressure that in turn reduces the revenue earned by each company. At the same time, there have been allegations that Nike has been contracting with manufacturing industries that offer poor working conditions for its employees. These companies are mainly situated in Asia (China, Vietnam and Indonesia). Due to this fact, Nike, Inc. has been facing a lot of critic ism from humanitarians and other welfare organizations. This threat has raised negative attitudes to its customers. To its response, Nike, Inc. ensured that all employees in the contracted companies have a conducive working environment and receive desirable wages that reflect the work that they have done. In the course of its operations, external micro and macro factors have been affecting the operations of the company. Over the years, the company has been producing high quality products and meeting the requirements of its customers. Due to this fact, the demand for its products has been increasing drastically. During the early 1970s, the company was only operational in the United States. However, the demand for its products has increased globally. To meet this demand, the company has expanded its operations to over 160 different countries. To ensure that its operations are effective and efficient, the company has increased its factors of production. It has qualified personnel, uses high tech equipments and employs innovative ideologies in its production process (Kim 21). Due to this fact, the company has been able to meet the demand of its customers, earn consumer loyalty and attract new customers. To meet the ever-changing needs of its customers, Nike, Inc. has been incorporating state of the art technology in its products and operations. Nike Air, for example is one of their brands that uses sophisticated technology to reduce the chances of occurrence of harm to a user of this product.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It contains a special gas known as Nike gas that flattens out and expands depending on the pressure that the shoe is experiencing (Kim 33). This reduces the chances of injury and increases comfort while using the shoe. At the same time, the company has incorporated the use of IT and ICT in its operations. This has made the running of operations within the company to be smooth. Due to its efficiency, the company has been successful in boosting its production and increased its revenue (Kim 6). Marketing Strategies and Objectives To achieve its mission, Nike has employed a number of strategies and objectives. Due to this fact, Nike, Inc. has maintained its standards of producing quality footwear and sports equipments to individuals and institutions of all ages and lifestyles. At the same time, the company has come up with measures and strategies that ensure that their products are easily available to their clientele. To achieve this, Nike, Inc. has a long-term corporate goal that aims at improving its stockholders return on equity by 20% and increases the earnings per share by 2.7% (Kim 21). This will ensure that the company growth in the company is coupled with gains in terms of shares and revenue. In this respect therefore, Nike Inc has a grand strategy that aims at increasing the quality of its products to meet the needs of all their customers all around the world. This will ensure that the company maintains its position as a leader in the market. Currently, Nike Inc is at the cash cow stage under the BCG matrix model. It is experiencing a great return on its capital. To ensure that the company continues to expand and remain sustainable in the short run and the long run, the company has put a lot of emphasis on research and development, incorporation if technology and ICT, improved consumer services and expansion of its markets (Kim 11). In addition, the company has formulated a number of marketing and pricing strategies. Tactical Programmes The main marketing objective of Nike, Inc. has been its expansion into new markets. To understand the consumer behavior in these new markets, the company normally hires a research firm that was familiar with the region. These firms critically analyze the markets and identify the factors that would motivate consumers to purchase athletic equipments and footwear. This information therefore makes it easy for the company to enter and command these markets. The pricing mechanism of the products is determined by the consumers` purchasing power, competition and value of their currency. Advertisement is the main method that the company uses to market its products. This is achieved by sponsoring local sports and athletics events, running adverts in the media, offering of rebates and discounts on their products and running of fashion shows that showcase their latest products (Kim 13). Monitoring and Control To ensure that there is a smooth running of the organization, the company has to monitor and control all its operations. To achieve this, the company has internal and external control systems that ensure that all the operations that are conducted at the company are in accordance to the set rules, regulations and standards. At the same time, the company has specific goals and objectives that have to be achieved within specified time periods. The company also has a budget that controls its revenue and expenditure. It also has copyrights for its products and logos. This protects their brands and properties from unfair competition and counterfeits. Kim, Enderle. Strategic Analysis of Nike, Inc. Chicago, IL. DePau University: 2000. Nike. Nike, Inc. Official Cite: World`s Leading Athletic Brand. Nike, Inc. Web. Rodman, Thomson. Market Planning and Analysis. New York: Sage, 2006

Effective Leadership Within An Organisational Context Essay

Effective Leadership Within An Organisational Context - Essay Example So, what is effective leadership? Before defining effective leadership, it is important to define leadership. According to Northouse (2010, p 9), leadership is defined as a process through which a person mobilize resources both material and human and influences group of people to achieve set of common goals. Effective leadership has diverse definitions that depend mostly on the context on which leadership is defined and point of view of the person defining it. Leadership effectiveness definition is highly multifaceted and complex. The following are the famous definitions of effective leadership. One, Nahavandi (2006, p 12) defines effective leadership as a process through which leadership achieves the organizations’ goals and objectives; leadership is based on the performance of the group. Two, Marturano and GOSLKING (2008, p 9) define effective leadership as the ability of leadership to help people in an organization to have more collaboration, innovation and communication. Three, effective leadership is the ability to enable other people within organization enhance their personal capabilities in order to fulfil their own ambitions and potentials and that of the group or organization as well (Vries 2006, p. 12- 13). In comparison, the three definitions indicate that effective lea dership aims at achieving certain goals after a given period of time. Secondly, all the definitions show that effective le

The Real Expense of Illegal Immigration Research Proposal

The Real Expense of Illegal Immigration - Research Proposal Example It has been estimated that the added cost to the federal government will be more than $15 billion per year when the present illegal aliens become citizens and begin collecting welfare benefits. The proposed bill will add greatly to this number because it will encourage a new surge of low skilled workers through its guest worker program. Traditionally, immigrants to the U.S. were less likely than those born in America to collect welfare. This historic arrangement has radically changed over the past three decades. Today, immigrant families are at least 50 percent more likely to receive federal benefits than those born in this country. Additionally, immigrants are more likely to adapt their lives to rely on the welfare system and studies have shown the longer immi ¬grants stay in the U.S., the more likely they are to be on welfare. To further aggravate the situation, when an illegal immigrant becomes a citizen, he can legally bring his parents who also have the right to become citi ¬zens. The estimated long-term cost of overall federal benefits could exceed $50 billion per year for the parents of the 10 million beneficiaries of amnesty. â€Å"In the long run, the bill, if enacted, would be the largest expansion of the welfare state in 35 years† (Rector, 2006). Approximately half of current illegal immigrants do not possess a high-school level education. Welfare use among this group and for low-skill immigrants granted amnesty is three times the rate for the U.S. born citizens.

Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

Lord of the Flies Essay Every child, regardless of when, loses their innocence; it is inevitable. In Lord of the Flies, the reader can recognize this law live up to its word, namely in the protagonist Ralph. Upon arriving on the island, Ralph was oblivious to the circumstances he was soon to be subjected to. Ralph’s innocent and childlike mindset has distorted itself into that of a hostile hunter. In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, the reader witnesses the Loss of Innocence theme and observes Ralph’s descent into impurity. Ralph is first portrayed as just another kid, waiting for his problems to disappear. He had no plan on how to get off the island, and no reason to worry about it; â€Å"daddy† would take care of it for him. Ralph was not concerned about what to do about the situation he was in, and told Piggy why. Ralph tells Piggy, â€Å" Daddy taught me. He’s a commander in the Navy. When he gets leave he’ll come and rescue us†¦ They’d tell him at the airport. † (7) Ralph relied upon the airport telling his father where their plane crashed, with little to no knowledge as to where they could have landed. Though the odds were very slim, Ralph counted on his daddy coming to get him from the island in the middle of the Pacific. He was like a helpless little child, grasping his daddy’s hand and waiting to be led. With the increase of time spent on the island, Ralph’s innocence begins to diminish. Ralph is no longer the helpless little child he once was when he first landed; Ralph has evolved from a benign child to a hostile hunter. After going hunting with the boys, Ralph tried to regain the group’s attention as they all focused on Jack’s’ wounded left arm. Ralph reminisced on how he hit the pig with his spear and then began to act as though Roger were the pig, jabbing at him while Roger rushed away. Soon, the group surrounded Robert, all participating in the jabbing: â€Å"Ralph too was fighting to get near, to get a handful of that brown, vulnerable flesh. The desire to squeeze and hurt was overmastering. † (101) The boys all got hold of Roger and, without any second thought, began to poke at him, hurting him as a result. The â€Å"innocent Ralph† would have attempted to prevent the actions, rather than beginning the prodding of Roger. Ralph has evidently lost his innocence and this situation shows no different. As Ralph spends more time on the island, he, along with the reader, becomes aware of his loss of innocence.. After the deaths of both Simon and Piggy, Ralph has officially become a loner. Everyone else on the island has transferred over to Jack’s group of uncivilized hunters, the polar opposite of the group once run under Ralph’s chieftainship. Knowing that Ralph is now an independent individual in hiding, Jack sweeps the island to ensure that he finds Ralph. After Samneric reveal Ralph’s position, however, Jack lights the island on fire so Ralph cannot escape the fiery wrath of the opposing chief. After desperately sprinting away from the hunters, Ralph runs into a naval officer. The officer questions Ralph about the group and after answering these questions, Ralph has another moment of clarity and begins sobbing. â€Å" Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of man’s heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy. † (182) After being given the chance to relax, Ralph begins to grasp the concept that he has changed throughout this entire experience. The innocent stage has now passed, for himself and the rest of the group. Ralph now knows that he is no different from the other children; all children lose their innocence at some point. Golding’s depiction of Ralph from the beginning of the novel to the end of the novel greatly reflects the theme of loss of innocence. Ralph evolves from the helpless child to the hostile hunter after the crises he is put through. Ralph is a representation of every child on the earth and the inescapable loss of innocence. Through Ralph, the reader can learn that a crisis, no matter the scale, can affect the victim.